please read the questions carefully and do the notes in Q1 and Q2 its more important to understand what needed

Q1

A) You are interested in forming an Educational Testing and Assessment firm to prepare an appropriate test for evaluating what a student should learn in the field of Biomaterials. Your job is to prepare an outline for what you feel are the most important concepts that a student should learn from this course. Prepare an outline and based on this outline, how would you assess and evaluate a student’s knowledge and mastery of the course content. Points will be awarded based on creativity, insight, and a thorough coverage of the most important concepts in the course.

B) You have been hired as a consultant to develop a midterm exam for a senior/graduate level Biomaterials class. Please develop 3-5 original and insightful questions that cover the following major topics: a) Crystal Structures and Atomic Bonding (including x-ray diffraction and electron diffraction) b) Properties of Metal Materials (including passivation and corrosion) c) Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials (including stress shielding). Your questions will be graded based on quality of question, depth of understanding in posing your question, the level of insight based on Bloom’s Taxonomy chart for questions, and the insight that you display in answering the question.

Q2) Please answer the following questions to the best of your ability. Show all work clearly.

a)(10/30) How many atoms would be in the following unit cells? Body centered cubic, face centered cubic (FCC), the smallest repeat unit for a hexagonal unit cell, the hypothetical octahedral “unit cell” that is centrally located within the FCC unit cell, a hypothetical diamond cubic structure with double the number of internal atoms and a superimposed body centered cubic atom.

b) (20/30) Calculate the packing factor for a) a diamond cubic crystal that has a central impurity atom that fits snugly in the interstitial space. b) an octahedral unit cell with a central atom in the interior space. All atoms that contribute to the structure have the same radius.

Q3) You are the professor in a very engaging Biomaterials class and you have a number of students in your class that need to be challenged. Please design two Biomaterials questions that you think would be very challenging for the students. Extra points (up to five) will be awarded for great questions that challenge Dr. Wilson’s understanding of the field of Biomaterials.

Q4) Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the premier building block for biomineralized tissues. It comes in many sizes, shapes, and flavors based on how it was made (synthesis conditions) and what its intended purpose is (structural reinforcement, mineral storage bank, etc). In order to better understand its vital role in hard tissue (bone and teeth) as well as an additional assortment of biologically relevant subjects such as cancer metastasis, biological activity and adsorption phenomena related to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and pathological calcification, it is imperative to be able to measure fundamental properties related to its chemical and physical properties. It is also important to be able to navigate within its time and space domain to unravel the intricacies and mysteries of its structure and purpose. Imagine that you partner with Antman and you co-develop a machine that allows you to shrink to atomic scale dimensions and you are able to move within a single crystal of HAp. Imagine what you would be able to see and experience as you navigate throughout the crystal and measure the boundaries of the crystal?

Please answer the following questions regarding hydroxyapatite. Please show all work.

  • How many atoms are in the unit cell for HAp?
  • What are the unit cell parameters for HAp
  • Calculate the unit cell volume for HAp.
  • Calculate the density for HAp.
  • Derive an equation for calculating the specific surface area for hydroxyapatite particles consisting of unit cell dimension particles. Calculate the value for the specific surface area of these particles in meters squared per gram (m^2/g). What is interesting about the magnitude of this number?
  • Describe how would you differentiate between a polycrystalline, a single crystalline, and a nanocrystalline sample of HAp?
 
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